Even though Minnesota has a good job market, that doesn’t seem to have translated into jobs for the Somali refugees. Minnesota’s state demographer’s office reports that only 41 percent of Somali men are working and 54 percent of Somali women are employed, meaning many may rely on the state’s handouts to survive, and are more susceptible to extremists pull.
“It seems safe to assume that if they’re not working, then they’re likely receiving public welfare benefits,” said Peter Nelson, director of public policy at the Center of the American Experiment. “More problematic, the Somali men not working are clearly not integrating as well as they could with society, which could feed into them being radicalized and recruited to fight with” the Islamic State.
Minnesota started seeing Somali refugees gather in their state in the early 1990s, after the Somali civil war led millions to flee to refugee camps, mainly in neighoring Kenya, which also has a refugee camp dubbed “Little Mogadishu” near its capital of Nairobi.
The U.N. worked with the State Department to get the refugees placed, who in turn teamed with the Department of Homeland Security and Department of Health and Human Services, to make the final decision.
Today, in addition to being assigned the state, more Somalis are arriving to Minnesota after briefly being relocated to other states, as most want to live where an established Somali community is, regardless of Minnesota’s harsh weather or landlocked location.
Other large Somali populations reside in Maine, around the Seattle region and in Columbus, Ohio.
“Minnesota has a very large and relatively new Somali community. So you have first generation Somali youth who are torn because they haven’t experienced the best of America yet and still have feelings for their country,” said Oren Segal, director of ADL’s Center on Extremism. “And so they’re ripe for online terrorist recruiters, who say ‘Come and fight for your homeland, something you believe in,’ because they haven’t assimilated to America yet.”
Indeed, the FBI has noticed a steady stream of Islamist-recruitment videos specifically targeted at Minnesota’s Somali population, said the FBI’s Mr. Loven.
“What the FBI in Minneapolis has done with the U.S. Attorney is we have established strong liaison program within the Somali community, to seek out and work with concerned civic organizations and people who have a general uneasiness that their population has been targeted,” Mr. Loven said. “The videos and the online messaging is clearly targeting youths from within the Somali community and it’s a challenge for law enforcement to determine who will be moved to action with these videos.”
Since 2008, as many as 40 men from Minneapolis have joined Islamist groups after being pulled in by jihadists through social media, federal officials say.
Last year, an American youth named Douglas McAuthur McCain died in Syria fighting for the Islamic State. Mr. McCain was recruited in Minnesota, where he lived.
In 2009, another Minnesota youth, Troy Kastigar posted a recruiting video for al-Shabab before he was killed fighting for the terrorist group in Somalia. Kastigar and McCain are thought to have been friends.
That same year a Somali man who left Minneapolis joined al-Shabab and blew himself up in a suicide bombing at an Ethiopian consulate in Somalia, killing 24 people.
In an effort to better assimilate their refugee population — and deter against Islamist recruitment efforts — Gov. Mark Dayton has expanded the state’s entitlement programs, although he remains mum on the state’s expense at doing so.
“The state of Minnesota receives funding through the federal Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Refugee Resettlement to promote the successful resettlement and integration of refugees in Minnesota,” said a spokeswoman at the state’s Department of Human Services. “The Refugee Programs Office of the Minnesota Department of Human Services administers these federal funds to partner with diverse community-based agencies around the state to provide various services to refugees who are fewer than five years in the country. Programming includes social services, employment services, services for the elderly and after-school programs for youth.”